No it won't, lot of other parts on a GPU that will likely fail before die itself dies. Or die for reasons not based on actual temperature of die itself.
I guess that by far the most strained part in a laptop is the cooling solution. A fan will probably fail first, if not a dust clog up. Heck, since it's laptop, it might as well be random moisture as cause for a failure.
Yes. It's not water and flesh in a computer, these are all parts with far higher heat tolerances. Based on same logic you should be afraid of driving a car, because engine gets far more than 100C.
Then you need to repaste.
NVIDIA GPUs (in laptops and desktops) have 87C as their thermal limit and will throttle if it went any higher.
Intel and AMD CPUs are fine with running 95C. Their engineers themselves say so, its just that people prefer lower temps and it has become the "norm" over the years. High temps also mean lower potential to overclock which furthur complemented that belief.
But it doesn't matter now as CPUs and GPUs naturally boost to their max right out of the factory and any OC that is possible only makes it 5% max while significantly increasing heat output.